NCE Research and Program Evaluation Practice Test

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• What nonparametric test is used to analyze more than two mean scores on a single variable?
• What method uses the correlation coefficient to reduce a set of variables to fewer factors?
• What type of research collects data from the same group of individuals over time?
• What term describes a distribution of scores where one end has more variability than the other?
• What sampling method ensures all individuals in the population have an equal chance of being selected?
• Which term describes the error involved in measuring a variable, impacting the reliability of the observed score?
• Which term refers to the method of selecting subjects based on extreme scores to study specific variables?
• What are scores expressed along a scale where the mean and standard deviation have been set at certain values called?
• Which research approach is defined by using empirical data gathered systematically?
• What is the term for the bias that occurs when an observer's initial impressions skew their observations?
• Which phenomenon refers to changes in a subject's performance when they are aware they are participating in research?
• Descriptive research primarily aims to do which of the following?
• Which error type is associated with incorrectly accepting a false null hypothesis?
• Which type of data allows for the ordering of values from high to low?
• In which sampling method is the unit not an individual but larger naturally occurring groups?
• Which analysis is used to determine whether mean scores on two or more variables differ significantly?
• What term describes differences in results between two or more groups that may be attributed to unreliable instruments?
• What statistical technique is used to predict a variable when a second variable is known, typically represented as a linear equation?
• As the significance level decreases, what happens to Type I Error?
• What tool is utilized to determine the significance level for critical values in an F-test?
• Which type of research compares two or more groups without manipulating any conditions?
• Which statistic is most pertinent for comparing variances between groups?
• What is the square root of the variance called?
• What correlation coefficient is appropriate when one variable is continuous and the other is dichotomous?
• In which analysis would you expect to use means, standard deviations, and frequency counts?
• What feature distinguishes true experimental research?
• What is the purpose of a summative evaluation?
• What descriptive statistic provides the typical value of a data set?
• When conducting a T-test, how many groups are being analyzed?
• Which type of correlation involves ranking data rather than using absolute values?
• Which graphical representation is used to illustrate the relationship between two variables for a group of individuals?
• Inductive research is characterized by which of the following?
• What type of study involves measuring characteristics of several groups at the same time?
• What is a characteristic of an event referred to as 'history' in research?
• Which research method relies on interviews and questionnaires for data collection?
• What type of validity is determined by the extent to which extraneous variables have been controlled?
• What term describes a control treatment that is identical to the experimental treatment except for the critical item being studied?
• Which type of data includes a true zero and allows for comparison by ratios?
• Which statistical analysis would not be used if the data is not normally distributed?
• Which sampling approach is likely to yield results that better reflect the overall population?
• Which term describes a small-scale research effort to determine the feasibility of a larger effort?
• Which research design studies the effects of a program on an individual after establishing a baseline?
• What statistical test is used when there are two or more dependent variables?
• Which of the following describes a distribution with a long tail on one side, influencing the mean?
• What term refers to the variance that two or more tests share in common?
• What statistical method is utilized when you have only one variable at three or more levels?
• Which method involves estimating population parameters based on sample data?
• Which statistical analysis requires the assumption of a normal distribution of the sample data?
• What is described as the midpoint of a distribution?
• What are the cues and information that may influence a subject's performance during an experiment?
• What is the term for the variable that is measured in an experiment?
• What is the term for the validity that refers to how results can be generalized beyond the study's context?
• What term refers to the measure of how much variation exists between data points in a set?
• What term is used for the manipulation of variables in an experiment to observe the resulting changes?
• What is the term for a researcher's working definition of study constructs?
• What type of research tests a theory and gathers data to support it?
• Which type of statistical analysis is used to make inferences from the sample to the population?
• What term involves the concept of deviation from the mean in statistical analysis?
• What does a parameter summarize in a statistical context?
• In which type of research does data collection happen simultaneously across different groups?
• What statistical concept does not imply causation but rather indicates the extent of relationship between paired numbers?
• Which type of statistical analysis is used when assumptions about the distribution or variance cannot be made?
• Which procedure attempts to predict a single dependent variable using correlations with several other variables?
• What type of research begins with established theory to explore relationships among its elements?
• Which of the following is the arithmetic average of a distribution?
• What is the purpose of multiple regression analysis?
• Which term describes participant dropout during a study that affects the validity of the results?
• Which type of effect typically describes a situation where test-takers achieve high scores due to the difficulty of the test?
• What practice involves organizing variables to predict an outcome variable effectively?
• What is the primary focus of correlational research?
• What kind of evaluation is typically conducted at the end of a program cycle?
• What does 'stratified sampling' primarily focus on in selecting samples?
• What term describes the actual points scored by a person on a test or one of its scales?
• What refers to the impact on study results when subjects differ significantly in their initial characteristics?
• What is the suggested minimal sample size for survey research?
• Correlational research is used to determine what aspect of relationships between variables?
• What does the observer effect refer to in research?
• What do test results reported as a percentile standing indicate?
• Which research approach focuses on gathering word-based data rather than numerical data?
• Who is primarily affected by the double-blind technique in an experiment?
• What effect results in an observer being influenced by their initial perceptions of a subject?
• What is indicated by a homoscedastic distribution of scores?
• What is an F-Test primarily used to assess in research?
• What statistical measure ranges from -1 to +1 and provides insights on the relationship between two variables?
• Which error refers to the failure to reject the null hypothesis when there is a difference?
• Which type of statistical analysis is used to describe the data collected for a research sample?
• What term describes the number of observations that are free to vary in a data set?
• What type of statistical analysis would you apply when the assumption of normality is violated in a data set?
• What term refers to the natural course of development that can affect the outcomes in longitudinal studies?
• What is the tendency for researchers to perceive and remember information in a way that aligns with their expectations called?
• What is a characteristic of a survey as a research method?
• What analysis is appropriate for assessing the effectiveness of a part of a program?
• What does a factorial analysis allow researchers to assess?
• What is the suggested minimal sample size for correlational research?
• Which level of confidence interval corresponds to a specific value of 1.96 SEM?
• What statistical measure is necessary to interpret raw scores correctly?
• The goal of deductive research is primarily to do what?
• What sampling method ensures that a norm group is representative of the population by classifying along certain variables before selection?
• What is the scale that has meaningful intervals but no true zero point?
• What term describes the variability in test scores due to noise or error, quantifying the reliability of measurements?
• What type of research designs combine both quantitative and qualitative methods?
• Which procedure ensures that both the researcher and participants are unaware of the treatment conditions?
• Which measures are used to describe how spread out the values in a data set are?
• What is the average set at 50 and standard deviation set at 10 typically referred to as?
• In predicting multiple variables, what method explains variance starting with the best predictor and exhausts its power before moving to the next?
• What type of variable's value depends on the independent variable's selected value?
• Which sampling method maintains the same proportion of individuals as they appear in major subgroups of the population?
• What factor can lead to differences in research results due to natural changes in subjects over time?
• What effect describes the changes in behavior that occur due to the expectations set by the researcher?
• What is the primary objective of research as described in the text?
• What is the term for the statistical measures that summarize a set of data points?
• What type of data represents the qualities or categories of a variable?
• Which nonparametric test is suitable for data collected from two independent samples with non-normally distributed scores?
• Which of the following errors occurs when a true null hypothesis is not rejected?
• Which type of scale has a true zero point and allows for a comparison of absolute magnitudes?
• In which scenario would a non-parametric test be most appropriate?
• What is the term used to describe the difference between the highest score and the lowest score in a dataset?
• Which research method collects data from different groups at the same time?
• Which term refers to the reliability in qualitative research assessed by comparing the responses of multiple raters?
• What type of design typically allows the researcher flexibility to use both qualitative and quantitative methods?
• Which term refers to the systematic collection of data from the same individuals at multiple points in time?
• What shape describes a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical on both sides?
• What design involves subjects assumed to be similar due to their progression through an institution, allowing for causal inferences?
• Which of the following best describes the term "exclusive range"?
• What type of data represents ordered differences in magnitude for comparison?
• Which of the following best describes inferential statistics?
• Which type of research is conducted in conditions that approximate real counseling contexts and may involve experimental manipulation?
• In statistical analysis, what is employed when data are ranked instead of presented in raw numerical form?
• What advantage does analogue research provide regarding ethical and practical obstacles?
• At which point does the mean fall in a normal probability curve?
• Which data type is characterized by a meaningful zero point and allows the calculation of ratios?
• What is characterized by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true?
• Which type of standard score has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1?
• Which type of regression focuses on selecting predictors based on statistical significance and predictive power?
• What does a bimodal distribution suggest about the data being analyzed?
• What is the suggested minimal sample size for Ex Post Facto and experimental research?
• What is the term for the effect that changes as a result of manipulation by the independent variable?
• What sample size would generally be inadequate for correlational research?
• What kind of analysis would you use if you want to analyze the interaction effect of multiple variables?
• What term is used for changes in subjects' behavior that stem from the researcher's attitudes or expectations?
• Which scale is commonly used for measuring attitudes or opinions with multiple response options?
• What is a post hoc test used for in statistical analysis?
• What does non-parametric statistics refer to?
• Which test is used to analyze the differences in two related groups?
• In research terminology, what does "external validity" primarily assess?
• What term is used to describe the larger group from which a sample is taken for research purposes?
• What do analysts desire to determine when utilizing confidence intervals in testing?
• What do confidence intervals represent in statistical analysis?
• Which statistical test is used for determining whether two nominal data distributions differ significantly?
• What concept refers to the average of the squared deviation scores from the mean of a distribution?
• What type of research is conducted when randomization of subjects to treatment and control groups is not possible?
• What is the term for a hypothetical score based on no measurement error, which can be estimated but not precisely known?
• What internal validity threat refers to external events that can influence study outcomes during treatment?
• What data type has consistent intervals between the numbers on a scale, allowing for uniform measurement?
• What is a significant advantage of using a Likert Scale in surveys?
• What does a null hypothesis state about variables or groups measured?
• What occurs when a test score shows a strong negative skew, indicating most scores are at the upper end?
• What type of validity assesses the ability to generalize results from one environmental context to another?
• Which of the following is a common issue in cluster sampling?
• What type of research is focused on improving services or a program, often viewed as evaluative?
• Which distribution type is indicated when the direction of the tail affects the shape and is labeled as positively or negatively skewed?
• Which of the following accurately describes a Z-Score?
• What is the term for the phenomenon where losing subjects may skew research results, particularly if certain characteristics influence dropout rates?
• Ex post facto research is also known as which type of design?
• What type of statistical analysis is appropriate when the sample data is normally distributed?
• Which type of statistics allows researchers to make inferences about a population based on sample data?
• Which variable is manipulated or varied in an experiment?
• What does 'power' refer to in the context of statistical testing?
• What does the term 'operational definition' help a researcher achieve?
• What is the term for the average that is most sensitive to extreme values in a data set?
• Which test is used to determine if the mean scores of two groups are significantly different?
• In the context of nonparametric tests, what does the Mann-Whitney U Test assess?
• Which research type emphasizes gathering data about naturally occurring phenomena and events?
• Which research design is considered the strongest for determining causal relationships?
• Which scale of measurement includes categories without any numerical value?
• What is the term for research that compares findings across multiple studies?
• What characteristic is common to descriptive research methods?
• What type of distribution is characterized by two high points and may indicate the performances of two different groups?
• What type of hypothesis indicates that one group's score will be significantly different from another group's score?
• What type of study is frequently conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment over time?
• Which test would you use for two correlated samples with scores that are not normally distributed?
• What type of evaluation is used to assess the effectiveness of a program as an ongoing process?
• What does a single blind procedure imply about the subject's knowledge in a study?
• What is the term for the selection of a part of the population for study purposes?
• What is the implication of a percentile rank of 85?
• Which sampling technique involves selecting individuals based on major subgroups within the population?
• What type of bias occurs when a researcher unintentionally influences the responses of subjects in a study?
• What is the term for the resulting score when a subject completes a test, comprised of both a signal and noise or error?
• Which research method is primarily concerned with describing existing phenomena?
• Which type of hypothesis states that differences exist between groups but does not specify which group is higher or lower?
• For which test is it appropriate to analyze nominal data regarding group differences?